Jack-In-The-Pulpit

Biocultural Value

The acridity of Jack-in-the-pulpit roots is not readily dispelled by boiling, but dry heat or prolonged exposure to air will ultimately break up the calcium oxalate crystals. The dried roots can then be ground and processed into a palatable flour, which is said to have a mild cocoa flavor. The Potawatomi ate the thinly sliced roots after cooking them in a pit oven for three days. The Pawnee made rattles by putting Jack-in-the-pulpit seeds in a gourd shell. Many Native American groups recognized the plant's poisonous properties, with the Meskwaki reportedly even using it as an intentional poison during war. The plant was also prepared medicinally throughout its range. The Haudenosaunee, for example, employed Jack-in-the-pulpit as an analgesic, antidiarrheal, dermatological aid, febrifuge, orthopedic aid, stimulant, and eye medicine. Haudenosaunee women also took an infusion of Arisaema triphyllum var. triphyllum rhizomes for temporary sterility. 

Jack-in-the-pulpit produces needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate which become embedded in mucus membranes if ingested and cause intense pain and a burning sensation. Calcium oxalate is particularly abundant in the rhizome. Those who eat it rarely go beyond the first taste.